Book
- Tetsushi Biwa
「Introduction to Thermoacoustic Devices」, World Scientific (2021)
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1142/y0023
Publications
- E. Shoji, T. Saito, T. Biwa, M. Kubo, T. Tsukada, T. Tomai, T. Adschiri
Transitions in intra-droplet flow and wetting governing nanoparticle deposition patterns in inkjet-printed nanofluids
Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 699, Part 2, 138246 (2025)
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2025.138246 - 高畠 耀介, 笠井 湧斗, 庄司 衛太, 琵琶 哲志
実験的音響特性評価による排気ダクト延長型ガス給湯器の熱音響不安定性診断
日本燃焼学会誌, 第67巻 220号, 103–109 (2025)
DOI: https://doi.org/10.20619/jcombsj.2405 - J. Tomihira, H. Kusudo, E. Shoji, T. Biwa, P. Murti, S. Okuhara, M. Takao
Liquid piston Stirling engine loaded with self-rectifying turbine: Equivalent load analysis with orifice plate
Applied Thermal Engineering, 278, 126937 (2025)
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2025.126937 - K. Tsujita, S.Maruyama, A. Hoshino, T. Saito, E. Shoji, K. Kaminaga, Y. Matsumoto
Precursor Film Growth of 2,7-Dioctyl[1]benzothieno[3,2-b][1]benzothiophene (C8-BTBT) in the Smectic a Liquid Crystal Phase for High-Performance Transistor Applications
Langmuir, 41, 32, 21816-21824 (2025)
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.langmuir.5c02951 - Y. Sato, Y. Kurosawa, T. Saito, E. Shoji, G. Kikugawa, D. Surblys, A. Komiya, T. Tomai, M. Kubo
Evaluation of interfacial affinity between surface-modified metal oxide and solvent mixture using molecular dynamics simulations
The Journal of Chemical Physics, 163, 7, 074702 (2025)
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0288662 - E. Shoji, A. Hoshino, T. Biwa, M. Kubo, T. Tsukada, T. Tomai, T. Adschiri
Superspreading wetting of nanofluid droplet laden with highly dispersed nanoparticles
Langmuir, 40, 50, 26509-26516 (2024)
DOI: https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.langmuir.4c03347
Journal cover: Langmuir, 40, 50 (2024) - Y. Takabatake,Y. Kasai, E. Shoji, T. Biwa
Linear stability analysis of a combustor model with a delayed feedback tube
Applied Energy, 376, 124149 (2024)
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2024.124249 - J. Tomihira, E. Shoji, T. Biwa, P. Murti, S. Okuhara, M. Takao
Experimental study on liquid piston Stirling engine combined with self-rectifying turbine
The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 156, 792 (2024)
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1121/10.0028132 - M. Shintaku, H. Oga, H. Kusudo, E. R. Smith, T. Omori, Y. Yamaguchi
Measuring line tension: Thermodynamic integration during detachment of a molecular dynamics droplet
The Journal of Chemical Physics, 160, 224502 (2024)
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0201973 - E. Shoji, A. Maddi, G. Penelet, T. Biwa
Time-resolved measurement of acoustic density fluctuations using a phase-shifting Mach-Zehnder interferometer
The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 155, 2438 (2024)
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1121/10.0025537 - P. Murti, E. Shoji, T. Biwa
Analysis of multi-cylinder type liquid piston Stirling cooler
Applied Thermal Engineering, 219, 119403 (2023)
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2022.119403 - T. Watanabe, E. Shoji, T. Biwa, G. Penelet
Rotational Dynamics of a Looped-Tube Thermoacoustic Engine with a Flywheel
Physical Review Applied, 18, 044079 (2022)
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevApplied.18.044079 - T. Biwa, P. Murti, E. Shoji
Thermoacoustic modeling of Fluidyne engine with a gas-coupled water pumping line
The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 152, 2212 (2022)
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1121/10.0014698 - T. Saito, R. Takebayashi, M. Kubo, T. Tsukada, E. Shoji, G. Kikugawa, D. Surblys
Effect of surface modifier and solvent on the affinity between the surface-modified solid and organic solvent: A molecular dynamics study
AIP Advances, 12, 1052063 (2022)
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0119681 - M. Ito, P. Murti, S. Tsuboi, E. Shoji, T. Biwa
Analysis of the linear oscillation dynamics of Fluidyne engines
The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 151, 1133 (2022)
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1121/10.0009571 - P. Murti, A. Takizawa, E. Shoji, T. Biwa
Design guideline for multi-cylinder-type liquid-piston Stirling engine
Applied Thermal Engineering, 200, 117635 (2022)
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2021.117635 - Y. Hirayama, T. Biwa, R. Delage
Periodic acoustic pulse generation by mode locked thermoacoustic oscillator
The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 150, 2310 (2021)
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1121/10.0006536 - E. Shoji, T. Kaneko, T. Yonemura, M. Kubo, T. Tsukada, A. Komiya
Measurement of dynamic wetting using phase-shifting imaging ellipsometer: comparison of pure solvent and nanoparticle suspension on film thickness profile, apparent contact angle, and precursor film length
Experiments in Fluids, 62, 206 (2021)
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00348-021-03296-3 - M. Kubo, M. Higuchi, T. Koshimura, E. Shoji, T. Tsukada
Control of the temperature responsiveness of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) copolymer using ultrasonic irradiation
Ultrasonics Sonochemistry, 79, 105752 (2021)
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultsonch.2021.105752 - S. Baba, Y. Nakamura, M. Mikami, E. Shoji, M. Kubo, T. Tsukada, K. Kinoshita, Y. Arai, Y. Inatomi
Numerical investigation of growth interface shape and compositional distributions in SiGe crystals grown by the TLZ method in the International Space Station
Journal of Crystal Growth, 566-567, 126157 (2021)
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2021.126157 - T. Saito, E. Shoji, M. Kubo, T. Tsukada, G. Kikugawa, D. Surblys
Evaluation of the work of adhesion at the interface between a surface-modified metal oxide and an organic solvent using molecular dynamics simulations
The Journal of Chemical Physics, 154, 114703 (2021)
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0040900 - G. Penelet, T. Watanabe, T. Biwa
Study of a thermoacoustic-Stirling engine connected to a piston-crank-flywheel assembly
The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 149, 1674 (2021)
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1121/10.0003685 - E. Shoji, K. Tanada, R. Takahashi, S. Isogai, R. Suzuki, M. Kubo, T. Tsukada, A. Komiya, H. Fukuyama
Numerical Simulation of Laminar-Turbulent Transition in Magnetohydrodynamic Convection in an Electromagnetically Levitated Molten Droplet of Cu-Co Alloys Under a Static Magnetic Field
Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B, 52, 896-902 (2021)
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11663-021-02063-3 - T. Biwa, T. Watanabe, G. Penelet
Flywheel-based traveling-wave thermoacoustic engine
Applied Physics Letters, 117, 243902 (2020)
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0022315 - E. Shoji, N. Ito, M. Kubo, T. Tsukada, H. Fukuyama
Compositional dependence of thermal conductivity of molten Cu-Fe alloy at low Fe contents
Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B, 51, 2504-2509 (2020)
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11663-020-01965-y - H. Hyodo, M. Iwasaki, T. Biwa
Suppression of Rijke tube oscillations by delay coupling
Journal of Applied Physics, 128, 094902 (2020)
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0012105
- N. Kobayashi, S. Yagawa, Y. Nakamura, M. Kubo, E. Shoji, T. Tsukada, T. Adschiri
Spatial structures formation of surface-modified nanoparticles in polymer nanocomposite thin films
Chemical Engineering and Processing - Process Intensification, 155, 108054 (2020)
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cep.2020.108054 - M. Sato, H. Hyodo, T. Biwa, R Delage
Synchronization of thermoacoustic quasiperiodic oscillation by periodic external force
Chaos, 30,063130 (2020)
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0004381 - E. Shoji, T. Kikuchi, K. Yamagiwa, M. Kubo, T. Tsukada, S. Takami, K. Sugimoto, D. Ito, Y. Saito
In-situ visualization of heavy oil behavior in supercritical water using neutron radiography
Chemical Engineering Science, 225, 115816 (2020)
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ces.2020.115816 - Y. Mukawa, K. Yamagiwa, E. Shoji, M. Kubo, T. Tsukada, S. Teratani, K. Katani
Prediction of surface tension of heavy oil based on principle of corresponding states combined with detailed composition and molecular structure analysis
Journal of the Japan Institute of Energy, 99, 75-81 (2020)
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3775/jie.99.75 - P. Murti, H. Hyodo, T. Biwa
Suppression of liquid surface instability induced by finite-amplitude oscillation in liquid piston Stirling engine
Journal of Applied Physics, 127, 154901 (2020)
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0003921 - 琵琶哲志
熱音響自励振動系に生じる非線形現象
システム/制御/情報, Vol.63，No.9, 383-389 (2019)
DOI:https://doi.org/10.11509/isciesci.63.9_383 - R. Delage, Y. Takayama, H. Hyodo, T. Biwa
Observation of thermoacoustic chaotic oscillation in a looped tube
Chaos,29,093108 (2019)
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5066363.1 - T. Biwa, T. Kobayashi, H. Hyodo
Direct measurements of steady heat transfer maintained by oscillating pipe flow in thermoacoustic system
Journal of Applied Physics, 125 (1), 014903 (2019)
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5064420 - S. Tamura, H. Hyodo, T. Biwa
Experimental and numerical analysis of a liquid-piston Stirling engine with multiple unit sections
Japanese Journal of Applied Physics, 58 (1), 017001 (2019)
DOI:https://doi.org/10.7567/1347-4065/aae930 - 琵琶哲志, 兵頭弘晃
熱音響自励振動の振動抑制に関する研究
日本燃焼学会誌,60巻，192号, 93-98 (2018)
DOI:https://doi.org/10.20619/jcombsj.60.192_93 - H. Hyodo, T. Biwa
Stabilization of thermoacoustic oscillators by delay coupling
Physical Review E, 98 (5), 052223 (2018)
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.98.052223 - R. Delage, Y. Takayama, T. Biwa
Bifurcation diagram of coupled thermoacoustic chaotic oscillators
Chaos, 28 (8), 083125 (2018)
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5037371 - H. Hyodo, T. Biwa
Phase-Locking and Suppression States Observed in Forced Synchronization of Thermoacoustic Oscillator
Journal of the Physical Society of Japan, 87 (3), 034402 (2018)
DOI:https://doi.org/10.7566/JPSJ.87.034402 - R. Delage, Y. Takayama, T. Biwa
On-off intermittency in coupled chaotic thermoacoustic oscillations
Chaos, 27, 043111 (2017)
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4981910 - S. H. Hsu, T. Biwa
Measurement of heat flow transmitted through a stacked-screen regenerator of thermoacoustic engine
Applied Science, 7, 303 (2017)
DOI:https://doi.org/10.3390/app7030303 - S. H. Hsu, T. Biwa
Modelling of a stacked-screen regenerator in an oscillatory flow
Japanese Journal of applied Physics, 56, 017301 (2017)
DOI:https://doi.org/10.7567/JJAP.56.017301 - T. Biwa, Y. Sawada, H. Hyodo, S. Kato
Suppression of spontaneous gas oscillations by acoustic self-feedback
Physical Review Applied, 6, 044020 (2016)
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevApplied.6.044020 - T. Biwa, H. Nakamura, H. Hyodo
Experimental demonstration of a thermoacoustic diode
Physical Review Applied, 5, 064012 (2016)
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevApplied.5.064012 - S. Otake, H. Hyodo, T. Biwa
Construction of acoustic engine with alternator
Trans. of the Japan Society of Refrigerating and Air Conditioning Engineers, 15-35TA_OA (2015) - T. Koshimizu, T. BIWA
Performance evaluation of heat exchangers for thermoacoustic devices
Trans. of the Japan Society of Refrigerating and Air Conditioing Engineers, 15-35TA_OA - T. Biwa, S. Tozuka, T. Yazaki
Amplitude death in coupled thermoacoustic oscillators
Physical Review Applied, 3 , 034006 (2015)
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevApplied.3.034006 - J.Morii, T.Biwa, T.Yazaki
Measurements of acoustic particle velocity in a coaxial duct and its application to a traveling-wave thermoacoustic heat engine
Review of Scientific Instruments 85, 094902 (2014)
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4893639 - T.Biwa, K.Sobata, S.Otake, T.Yazaki
Observation of thermoacoustic shock waves in a resonance tube
Journal of the Acoustical Society of America,136(3), 965-968 (2014)
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1121/1.4892782 - J.Morii, T.Biwa, T.Yazaki
Measurements of acoustic particle velocity in a coaxial duct and its application to a traveling-wave thermoacoustic heat engine
Review of Scientific Instruments, 85, 094902 (2013)
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4893639 - T. Yoshida, T.Yazaki, Y.Ueda, T.Biwa
Forced Synchronization of Periodic Oscillations in a Gas Column: Where is the Power Source?
Journal of the Physical Society of Japan, 82 (10), 103001 (2013)
DOI:https://doi.org/10.7566/JPSJ.82.103001 - T. Biwa, F. Shima, T. Yazaki
Experimental Determination of the Evolution Equation for Thermally Induced Acoustic Oscillations
Journal of the Physical Society of Japan, 82, 043401 (2013)
DOI:https://doi.org/10.7566/JPSJ.82.043401 - G. Penelet, T. Biwa
Synchronization of a thermoacoustic oscillator by an external sound source
American Journal of Physics, 81 (4), 290-297 (2012)
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1119/1.4776189 - A. Obayashi, T. Biwa
Combined Thermoacoustic Device
Journal of Cryogenics and Superconductivity Society of Japan, 47 (1), 24-30 (2012) (in Japanese) - T. Biwa, K. Takao
Acoustic Power Amplification by Multiple Regenerators
Journal of Cryogenics and Superconductivity Society of Japan, 47 (1), 42-46 (2012) (in Japanese) - T. Yoshida, T. Yazaki, K. Hamaguchi, T. Biwa
Measurements of Work Flux Density in a Pulse Tube Engine
Journal of Cryogenics and Superconductivity Society of Japan, 47 (1), 52-57 (2012) (in Japanese) - T. Biwa, T. Takahashi, T. Yazaki
Observation of traveling wave thermoacoustic shock waves
Journal of Acoustical Society of America, 130 (6), 3558-3561 (2011)
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1121/1.3658444 - T. Biwa, R. Komatsu, T. Yazaki
Acoustical power amplification and damping by temperature gradients
Journal of Acoustical Society of America, 129 (1), 132-137 (2011)
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1121/1.3518776 - T. Biwa, D. Hasegawa, and T. Yazaki
Low temperature differential thermoacoustic Stirling engine
Applied Physics Letters 97 (3), 034102 (2010)
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3464554 - T. Biwa, T. Yazaki
Observation of energy cascade creating periodic shock waves in a resonator
Journal of Acoustical Society of America, 127 (3), 1189-1192 (2010)
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1121/1.3291029 - T. Iwase, T. Biwa, T. Yazaki
Acoustic impedance measurements of pulse tube refrigerators
Journal of Applied Physics, 107, 034903 (2010)
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3296225 - T. Yoshida, T. Yazaki, H. Futaki, K. Hamaguchi, and T. Biwa
Work flux density measurements in a pulse tube engine
Applied Physics Letters 95, 044101 (2009)
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3187546 - T. Biwa
Double-loop Thermoacoustic Stirling cooler - I. Work Flow Measurements -
Journal of the Cryogenic Society of Japan, 43 (12), 536-542 (2008) (in Japanese) - T. Biwa
Double-loop Thermoacoustic Stirling cooler - II. Measurements of Acoustic Streaming Velocity -
Journal of the Cryogenic Society of Japan, 43 (12), 543-547 (2008) (in Japanese) - T. Biwa, Y. Tashiro, T. Yazaki
How Does Stirling Engine Work?
Journal of Power and Energy Systems, 2, 1254-1260 (2008)
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1299/jpes.2.1254 - Y. Tashiro, T. Biwa, T. Yazaki
Observation of Thermoacoustic Energy Conversion
Journal of Power and Energy Systems, 2, 1261-1266 (2008)
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1299/jpes.2.1261 - T. Biwa, Y. Tashiro, H. Nomura, Y. Ueda, T. Yazaki
Experimental verification of a two-sensor acoustic intensity measurement in lossy ducts
Journal of Acoustical Society of America, 124, 1584-1590 (2008)
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1121/1.2953311 - T. Yazaki, Y. Tashiro, T. Biwa
Measurements of sound progation in narrow tubes
Proceedings of the Royal Society A, 463, 2855-2862 (2007)
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2007.1897 - T. Biwa, Y. Tashiro, H. Nomura, Y. Ueda, T. Yazaki
Acoustic intensity measurement in a narrow duct by a two-sensor method
Review of Scientific Instruments, 78, 086110 (2007)
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2768929 - Y. Tashiro T. Biwa, T. Yazaki
Determination of a response function of a thermocouple using a short acoustic pulse
Journal of Acoustical Society of America, 121, 1956-1959 (2007)
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1121/1.2535534 - T. Biwa Y. Tashiro M. Ishigaki Y. Ueda, T. Yazaki
Measurements of acoustic streaming in a looped-tube thermoacoustic engine with a jet pump
Journal of Applied Physics, 101, 064914 (2007)
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2713360 - Y. Ueda, T. Biwa
Efficiencies of a Pulse-tube Refrigerator and Heat-driven Thermoacoustic Cooler
Journal of Cryogenic Association of Japan, 41 (2), 73-80 (2006) (in Japanese) - T. Biwa
Energy flow measurements in acoustic waves in a duct
Ultrasonics, 44, e1523-e1526 (2006)
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultras.2006.08.001 - M. Miwa T. Sumi, T. Biwa, Y. Ueda, T. Yazaki
Measurement of acoustic output power in a traveling wave engine
Ultrasonics, 44, e1527-e1529 (2006)
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultras.2006.08.010 - T. Yazaki, Y. Ueda, T. Biwa
Cooling by sound: Understanding of thermoacoustic refrigerator
Journal of the acoustical society of Japan, 62, 128 133 (2006) (in Japanese) - Y. Tashiro, T. Biwa, T. Yazaki
Calibration of a thermocouple for measurement of oscillating temperature
Review of Scientific Instruments, 76, 124901 (2005)
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2140489 - T. Biwa, Y. Ueda, H. Nomura, U. Mizutani, T. Yazaki
Measurement of the Q-value of acoustic resonator
Physical Review E, 72, 026601 (2005)
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.72.026601 - Y. Ueda, T. Biwa, U. Mizutani, T. Yazaki
Thermodynamic cycles executed in a looped-tube thermoacoustic engine
Journal of Acoustical Society of America, 117, 3369-3372 (2005)
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1121/1.1904503 - Y. Ueda, T. Biwa, U. Mizutani, T. Yazaki
Experimental studies of a thermoacoustic Stirling prime mover and its application to the construction of a cooler
Journal of Acoustical Society of America, 115, 1134-1141 (2004)
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1121/1.1649333 - T. Biwa, Y. Tashiro, M. Kozuka, T. Yazaki, U. Mizutani
Experimental demonstration of thermoacoustic energy conversion in a resonator
Physical Review E, 69, 066304 (2004)
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.69.066304 - S. Sunahara, T. Biwa, U. Mizutani
Thermoacoustic Effect in a Gifford-McMahon refrigerator
Journal of Applied Physics, 92, 6334-6336 (2002)
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/S0921-4526(02)02423-7 - Y. Ueda, T. Biwa, T. Yazaki, U. Mizutani
Acoutic Field in a Thermoacousic Stirling Engine consisting of a looped tube and resonator
Applied Physics Letters, 81, 5252-5254 (2002)
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1533113 - T. Yazaki, T. Biwa, A. Tominaga
A pistonless Stirling cooler
Applied Physics Letters, 80, 157-159 (2002)
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1431695 - T. Biwa, Y. Ueda, T. Yazaki, U. Mizutani
Thermodynamical Mode Selection Rule in thermoacoustic oscillations
Europhysics Letters, 60, 363-368 (2002)
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1209/epl/i2002-00273-1 - T. Biwa, M. Yui, T. Takeuchi, U. Mizutani,
Metal-Insulator Transition in the Amorphous CexSi100-x (4<83) system Materials Trasactions, 42, 939-950 (2001)
DOI:https://doi.org/10.2320/matertrans.42.939 - T. Biwa, Y. Ueda, T. Yazaki, U. Mizutani
Work FLow Measurements in a Thermoacoustic Engine
Cryogenics, 41, 305-310 (2001)
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/S0011-2275(01)00078-9 - T. Biwa
Spontaneous gas oscillations in a looped tube engine connected to a resonator
Cryogenic Engineering, 36, 189-192 (2001) (in Japanese)
DOI:https://doi.org/10.2221/jcsj.36.189 - W. Yagi, H. Iwata, T. Biwa, U, Mizutani
Effect of the Addition of Al, Fe, and Pd on ErAg Regenerator Material
Cryogenic Engineering，35, 116-125 (2000) (in Japanese)
DOI:https://doi.org/10.2221/jcsj.35.116 - T. Biwa, H. Ikuta, U. Mizutani
Evaluation of the Refrigeration in the Gifford-McMahon-Cycle Refrigerator Based on the Thermoacoustic Theory
Japanese Journal of Applied Physics, 38, 3763-3771 (1999)
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1143/JJAP.38.3763 - T. Biwa, H. Ikuta, U. Mizutani
Evaluation of Cu and Pb particles with Different Sizes as Regenerator Materials in the Gifford-McMahon-Cycle Refrigerator
Japanese Journal of Applied Physics, 37, 5808-5814 (1998)
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1143/JJAP.37.5808 - T. Biwa, W. Yagi, U. Mizutani
Evaluation of low temperature specific heats and thermal conductivities of Er-Ag alloys as regenerator materials
Japanese Journal of Applied Physics, 35, 2244-2248 (1996)
DOI:https://doi.org/10.2221/jcsj.31.190